Parts of Speech Introduction
Language is a vehicle of our thoughts.
A vehicle in perfect condition delivers the goods properly.
Language in proper form expresses the thoughts in proper sense.
When we want to express what we think we deliver in the form of speech.
Different words constitute to our speech. Such words, as per traditional grammar, are classified based on eight parts of speech.
They are,
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection Each part of speech explains not what the word is but on the usage of the word.
For example,
This book is written by Mahatma Gandhi
Here the word book is a Noun.
For convenient travel we book train tickets in advance.
Here the word book is used as a verb.
Ram is a fast runner.
Ram runs fast.
In the first sentence fast is an adjective.
The same word is an adverb in the second sentence.
Now we have seen how a word's part of speech can change from one sentence to another sentence.
Next step is to know about the sentences.
A group of words arranged in a proper order to give a proper meaning is called a sentence. Sentences fall under four kinds.
A sentence that reveals a mere statement is an assertive sentence
Eg.: Now a days lot of people travel by two wheelers.
A sentence that asks a question is an Interrogative sentence.
Eg.: what is your name?
A sentence which expresses a command is called an Imperative sentence.
Eg.: Be careful!
A sentence that reveals some sort of a strong feeling is called an Exclamatory sentence.
Eg.:What a lovely song!
Now let us know about the subject, predicate and object of a sentence.
The Postman delivered a letter.
The sentence is formed to show the action of a person i.e., the Postman.
The Postman is known as the subject of the sentence.
What is the action of the Postman?
Delivery is the action. (ie) the predicate of the sentence.
By means of the action a letter is delivered.
A letter is the object of the sentence.
The Sun shines.
The dog barks
In the above sentences there are no objects.
It shows that there can be sentences without objects.
Sit down.
Don't show.
In these sentences 'you' is understood. 'you' is the subject of these sentences.
In short,
There may be sentences with subject, predicate and object.
There may be sentences with subject and predicate only.
There may be sentences in which the subject is understood.
Further classification of sentences will be dealt with in a separate chapter later.
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